Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide. A strong oxidizer, hydrogen peroxide is usually used as a bleach or cleaning agent. Its wide range of uses make it difficult to summarize, but, particularly of interest, is its reactivity and medical uses.
Reactivity
As mentioned earlier, hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizer. It is used in several different synthetic routes, including that for caprolactam, precursor to Nylon 6; and propylene oxide, important in the production of polyurethane plastics. Waste water treatment plants often utilize hydrogen peroxide in various steps of water treatment.
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen spontaneously. On that note, hydrogen peroxide is explosively volatile and should never be distilled at normal pressures or put in contact with hydrocarbons (ketones, carboxylic acids, alcohols, and amines, to be specific).
Medical usage
In low concentrations (3%), hydrogen peroxide makes an excellent topical disinfectant, oral debriding agent, and bleaching agent (for hair). It should be noted, however, that high hydrogen peroxide levels in the skin are hallmark of vitiligo; at concentrations higher than 50%, hydrogen peroxide is corrosive to mucous membranes; and large oral doses of hydrogen peroxide can lead to blistering of the tongue, mouth, throat, stomach, intestines, vomiting, and diarrhea.
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